Borneo’s Journey into Malaysia: History, Heritage & Places to Discover

Every year on 16 September, Malaysians commemorate Malaysia Day — the historic date in 1963 when Malaya, Sabah (then North Borneo), Sarawak, and Singapore came together to form a new nation called Malaysia. While Singapore later separated in 1965, Sabah and Sarawak remain integral parts of the federation, their histories and cultures enriching the Malaysian identity.

But how exactly did Borneo—home to Sabah and Sarawak—become part of Malaysia? The answer lies in the aspirations of its people, colonial legacies, and the promise of a stronger future together.

How Borneo Joined Malaysia

(Source: https://www.johnlkong.com/northborneoregistry_part1/)

(Source: https://malaysiansmustknowthetruth.blogspot.com/2014/09/the-malaysia-day-speech-september-16.html)

Signing of the Cobbold Report (Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org)

(Source: https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2023/09/953352/historys-big-moments-rise-federation-malaysia-game-changing)

 

Walking Through History in Sabah and Sarawak

For those who wish to connect with this chapter of history, Sabah and Sarawak are home to numerous sites that echo the struggles, resilience, and unique identities of their people. Visiting these places not only deepens our appreciation of Malaysia Day but also brings us closer to the heart of Borneo.

1. Petagas War Memorial (Sabah)

Located just outside Kota Kinabalu, this solemn memorial pays tribute to the heroes of the 1944 Double Tenth uprising, a resistance movement against Japanese occupation. Here, members of the Kinabalu Guerrillas, led by Albert Kwok, sacrificed their lives fighting for freedom. The memorial garden is serene yet powerful, reminding visitors of the high price paid for peace.

(Source: Murphy Ng)

 

2. Atkinson Clock Tower (Sabah)

Standing proudly on a hill in Kota Kinabalu (KK), the Atkinson Clock Tower is one of the city’s oldest surviving landmarks. Built in 1905 to commemorate Francis George Atkinson, Jesselton’s (now KK’s) first district officer who died of malaria, the wooden structure has withstood war and development. Today, it serves as a timeless reminder of Sabah’s colonial past and resilience.

(Source: https://www.bluekinabalu.com/blog//20-fun-activities-to-enjoy-in-kk-6-stroll-up-to-the-atkinson-clock-tower)

 

3. Sandakan Memorial Park (Sabah)

This poignant site was once the location of a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II. It memorialises the tragic Sandakan Death Marches, where thousands of Allied soldiers perished under Japanese captivity. The park is beautifully landscaped, yet the exhibits and memorials within it stir deep reflection about courage, suffering, and humanity in the darkest times of war.

(Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jamiedouglas/48120738178)

(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandakan_Massacre_Memorial)

4. Sarawak State Museum (Kuching)

Established in 1891 under Charles Brooke, the second White Rajah, this museum is the oldest in Borneo and one of the finest in Southeast Asia. Its galleries showcase ethnographic treasures, including traditional longhouse artifacts, tribal weaponry, and natural history specimens. A visit here offers an unparalleled insight into Sarawak’s diverse indigenous cultures and its colonial-era journey.

(Source: Tripadvisor @moonlotus18)

 

5. Fort Margherita (Sarawak)

Perched along the Sarawak River, this whitewashed fort was built in 1879 by Charles Brooke to guard against pirates. Named after his wife, Ranee Margaret, it now houses the Brooke Gallery, which tells the story of the White Rajahs who ruled Sarawak for over a century. Visitors can explore its battlements and enjoy sweeping views of Kuching, while uncovering the state’s fascinating past.

(Source: Tripadvisor)

 

6. Astana Negeri Sarawak (Sarawak)

Originally constructed in 1870 as the residence of Charles Brooke and his wife, the Astana (meaning “palace” in Malay) stands as a symbol of authority and history. Today, it serves as the official residence of the Governor of Sarawak. Though not always open to the public, its majestic presence across the river from Kuching Waterfront makes it an iconic landmark for history lovers.

(Source: https://dayakdaily.com/astana-negeri-emblem-of-sarawaks-unity-and-progress/)

 

Celebrate Malaysia Day Through Heritage

Malaysia Day is not just a date in the calendar—it is a celebration of unity, diversity, and the shared dreams that brought Sabah and Sarawak into the nation. By exploring these historical sites, we honour the sacrifices of the past and gain a deeper appreciation of the rich cultural fabric that defines Malaysia today.

This year, celebrations carry a special significance as Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is set to launch Malaysia Day 2025 in Butterworth, Penang, honouring former Prime Minister Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (Pak Lah) for his service to the nation.

(Source: https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/09/13/pm-anwar-to-launch-malaysia-day-celebration-honouring-pak-lah-on-sept-16-in-butterworth/190992)

 

When you’re ready to experience these stories in person and discover the heritage of Borneo, make your travels memorable with a comfortable stay. Book with MyRehat at www.myrehat.com and celebrate Malaysia Day by walking through history.

Disclaimer: This article is written based on facts gathered from historical records and public sources available online